Anti lock braking system definition11/25/2023 Four channel systems (as shown in Diagram 1) control the brake force on each wheel independently (assuming you’re in a four wheeled vehicle!). Three channel systems control the braking pressure on both front wheels independently, but control the rear wheels together as a single unit. There are two main types of modern ABS systems: three and four channel. If you’ve ever seen a car with ABS operating, you’ll notice that the wheels appear to lock and release in jerky movements, this is because there is such a fine line between grip and traction loss in these conditions, and the system constantly tries to keep the pressure at the point just before lock up (which is the most effective pressure for slowing down). If this corrects the locked wheel, the hydraulic motor (C) will build up the pressure again to the optimum braking force and the valve will revert to the closed position. This lowers the pressure in the brake pipe (D) which causes the brake caliper to loosen its grip on the brake disc on the locking wheel. The ABS control module (B) detects the onset of a skid through the sensor (A) in this wheel and reacts by releasing the brake pressure slightly by rapidly opening a pressure release valve (C). The four wheels shown are braking heavily as a result of heavy brake pedal application, and the green wheel is about to lock up due a low friction surface such as ice. Diagram 2: Wheel speed sensor (A), ABS control module (B), hydraulic motor and pressure release valves (C), Brake pipe leading to caliper (D) ABS in detailĭiagram 2 (above) shows the whole process in more detail.
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